Random Musings of an Insane Mind

Ages ago we had a system that used MySQL’s built in DES3 encryption. It made coding applications in multiple languages easy because we could send it a string with a key and it would be encoded in the database. It wasn’t secure if someone got hold of the code and the database, but, rather than use a hash, we could store things and get the plaintext back if we needed it. Due to some policy issues with Debian, DES3 encryption was removed from MySQL and we were faced with converting that data to another format. We chose RSA for the fact that it was supported in every language we were currently developing in — Perl, PHP and C, and we knew it was supported in Python even though we hadn’t started development with Python at the time.

However, due to issues with PHP and long key lengths (at the time the code was written), our payloads had to be broken into packets smaller than the smallest key length which was 256 bytes. Since we didn’t know if we would run into similar issues using a longer packet length even if we had a longer key, we opted to use a packet size smaller than the smallest key we could generate. Our code initially converted data using PHP, stored the data in MySQL, and allowed a Perl script to access the data. Getting Perl and PHP to cooperate was somewhat difficult until we dug into PHP’s source code to see just how they were handling RSA.

PHP code:

define("ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT",'Na*');

function cp_encrypt($hostname,$message) {
  $public_key=file_get_contents(KEY_LOCATION . $hostname . '.public.key');
  openssl_get_publickey($public_key);

  $blockct = intval(strlen($message) / 245)  + 1;
  $encpayload = "";
  for ($loop=0;$loop<$blockct;$loop++) {
    $blocktext = substr($message,$loop * 245, 245);
    openssl_public_encrypt($blocktext,$encblocktext,$public_key);
    $encpayload .= $encblocktext;
  }
  return(pack(ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT,$blockct,$encpayload));
}

function cp_decrypt($hostname,$message) {
  $priv_key=file_get_contents(KEY_LOCATION . $hostname . '.private.key');
  openssl_get_privatekey ($priv_key);
  $arr = unpack('Nblockct/a*',$message);
  $blockct = $arr['blockct'];$encpayload=$arr[1];
  $decmessage = "";
  for ($loop=0;$loop<$blockct;$loop++) {
    $blocktext = substr($encpayload, $loop*256, 256);
    openssl_private_decrypt($blocktext,$decblocktext,$priv_key);
    $finaltext .= $decblocktext;
  }

  return($finaltext);
}

Perl Code:

use Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA;
use constant ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT => 'Na*';

sub cp_encrypt {
  my $hostname = shift;
  my $message = shift;

  my $keyfile = $KEY_LOCATION . $hostname . '.public.key';
  
  if (-e $keyfile) {
    open PUBLIC, $keyfile;
    my $public_key = do{local $/; };
    close(PUBLIC);
    my $rsa = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->new_public_key($public_key);
    $rsa->use_pkcs1_padding();

    my $blockct = int(length($message) / 245)  + 1;
    my $encpayload = "";
      for ($loop=0;$loop<$blockct;$loop++) {
        $encpayload .= $rsa->encrypt(substr($message,$loop * 245, 245));
      }
    return(pack(ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT,$blockct,$encpayload));
  }
  return(-1);
}

sub cp_decrypt {
  my $hostname = shift;
  my $message = shift;

  my $keyfile = $KEY_LOCATION . $hostname . '.private.key';
  if (-e $keyfile) {
    open PRIVATE, $keyfile;
    my $private_key = do{local $/; };
    close(PRIVATE);
    my $rsa = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->new_private_key($private_key);
    $rsa->use_pkcs1_padding();
    my ($blockct,$encpayload) = unpack(ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT,$message);
    my $decmessage = "";
    for ($loop=0;$loop<$blockct;$loop++) {
      $decmessage .= $rsa->decrypt(substr($encpayload, $loop*256, 256));
    }
    return($decmessage);
  }
  return(-1);
}

1;

Python code:

import M2Crypto.RSA
from os import path
from struct import unpack, pack, calcsize

ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT = 'Na*'

def perl_unpack (perlpack, payload):
    if (perlpack == 'Na*'):
        count = calcsize('!L')
        perlpack = '!L%ds' % (len(payload) - count)
        return unpack(perlpack,payload)
    return

def perl_pack (perlpack, blockcount, payload):
    if (perlpack == 'Na*'):
        perlpack = '!L%ds' % len(payload)
        return pack(perlpack,blockcount,payload)
    return

def cp_encrypt (hostname,message):
  keyfile = KEY_LOCATION + hostname + '.public.key'
  if (path.exists(keyfile)):
    public_key = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key(keyfile)

    blockct = int(len(message) / 245)  + 1
    encpayload = ""
    for loop in range(0,blockct):
      encpayload += public_key.public_encrypt(message[(loop*245):(245*(loop+1))],
                    M2Crypto.RSA.pkcs1_padding)
    return(perl_pack(ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT, blockct, encpayload))
  return(-1)

def cp_decrypt (hostname, message):
  keyfile = KEY_LOCATION + hostname + '.private.key';
  if (path.exists(keyfile)):
    privatekey = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key(keyfile)
    (blockct,encpayload) = perl_unpack(ENCPAYLOAD_FORMAT,message)

    decmessage = ""
    for loop in range(0,blockct):
      decmessage += privatekey.private_decrypt(encpayload[(loop*256):(256*(loop+1))], M2Crypto.RSA.pkcs1_padding)
    return(decmessage);
  return(-1)

There is nothing really that restricts you from encrypting a message longer than the key size, but, if the message contains enough data, portions of the key can be discovered. Since the key is a very large prime number, exposing a portion of that key can be vital to decrypting the data.

Tags: perl, php, Python, rsa

This entry was posted on Tuesday, April 28th, 2009 at 12:18 pm and is filed under Programming Languages. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.